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ArticlesAI Architecture

AI Architecture · 9 parts

AI Systems Architecture — Mastery

Multi-agent topologies, eval pipelines, cost engineering, scaling strategies — the architectural decisions that make or break an AI product in production.

  1. Part 01Architecting AI Products — First PrinciplesAI systems fail differently from normal software: they're non-deterministic, costly per call, and hard to test. The architecture has to account for all three.
  2. Part 02Single Agent vs. Multi-Agent — Choosing a TopologyMulti-agent is fashionable and usually premature. Here is how to decide honestly — and why most products should start with one well-equipped agent.
  3. Part 03Orchestration Patterns — Pipelines, Routers, SwarmsOnce you have multiple steps or agents, how they're wired together decides cost, latency and reliability. Four patterns cover almost everything.
  4. Part 04Context & Memory ArchitectureThe context window is your most expensive, most contested resource. What you put in it — and what you remember between calls — is an architectural decision.
  5. Part 05Evaluation Pipelines as InfrastructureIn AI systems, evaluation is not QA you do at the end — it's infrastructure you build first. Without it, every change is a prayer.
  6. Part 06Cost Engineering — Token Budgets That HoldAn AI feature that delights at 100 users can bankrupt you at 100,000. Cost is an architectural constraint, designed in — not discovered on the invoice.
  7. Part 07Latency & Throughput at ScaleInference is slow and bursty. Streaming, parallelism, and the async boundary are what keep an AI product feeling fast under real load.
  8. Part 08Reliability — Retries, Fallbacks, GuardrailsModels return malformed output, providers go down, and outputs drift. A reliable AI system expects all three and keeps working anyway.
  9. Part 09The Reference Architecture in ProductionTopology, orchestration, memory, eval, cost, latency and reliability — composed into one blueprint for an AI system that survives real users.

First published May 5, 2026. Start with article 1 →